The life story of Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa sallallahu alayhi wasallam | Halek Hossain

 

The life story of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH).

Birth:

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in the Bani Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe in the present-day Mecca city of Saudi Arabia. According to popular belief, he was born in 570 AD. The famous historian Montgomery Watt used 570 years in his book. But it is very difficult to find out his actual date of birth. Moreover, there is no reliable evidence that Muhammad (pbuh) himself made any comments. That is why there is so much disagreement about it. Even the month of birth is widely debated. For example, according to one account, he was born on 20 or 22 April 571. This information has emerged in the research of Syed Solaiman Nadvi, Salman Mansurpuri and Mohammad Pasha Falaki. But the latter is more reliable from a historical point of view. However, there is no dispute that the battle of the elephants took place in the year of the Prophet's birth and that it was the 40th anniversary of Emperor Narasherwa's accession to the throne. His father Abdullah and mother Amena. Muhammad (pbuh) lost his father before he was born and became an orphan. After the death of mother Amena at the age of 6 and grandfather Abdul Mottaleb at the age of 8, uncle Abu Taleb took charge of the orphan Muhammad (PBUH).

Genealogy:

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim

The Quraish clan was the most influential clan in Arab society at that time. Prophet's father's name is Abdullah, mother's name is Amina, uncle's name is Abu Talib, grandfather's name is Abdul Muttalib Ibn Hashim and maternal grandfather's name is Wahab Ibn Abde Manaf.

Childhood and Adolescence:

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim

It was the custom of the Arabs at that time to bring up the children in the open climate of the desert, and to hand them over to Bedouin women to nurse them soon after birth, and to take them back again after a certain time. According to this tradition, Muhammad was also handed over to Halimah bint Abu Juwayb (aka Halimah Sa'diyah). After bringing this child home, Halima's health is seen to return and they are able to raise the child properly. An incident of that time is notable - baby Mohammad would only drink from one of Halima's breasts and leave the other for his other foster brother. After two years of fostering, Halima returned baby Mohammad to Amina. But soon after an epidemic broke out in Mecca and the baby Muhammad was returned to Halimah. Halima also wanted the child back. His hope was fulfilled. According to Islamic belief, a miracle happened a few days after this - one day, a part of the liver was cut from the chest of the Child Prophet, washed in the water of the well of Zamzam and returned to its proper place. This event is known as Sina Chak incident in the history of Islam.

After this incident, Halima returned Muhammad to mother Amina. He lived with his mother until the age of six. At this time, Amina wants to go to Medina with her son one day. Perhaps it was due to visiting a relative and visiting her husband's grave. Amina traveled 500 kilometers to Madinah with her son, father-in-law and maidservant Umm Ayman. He spent a month in Medina. A month later, on his way back to Makkah, he fell seriously ill at Arwa and died there. After the death of the mother, the grandfather Abdul Mottaleb reached Mecca with the child Muhammad. Since then Dada took care of Muhammad. His grandfather also died when Mohammad was 8 years 2 months 10 days old. Before his death he left his son Abu Talib in charge of Muhammad.

Abu Talib was a merchant and traveled to Syria once a year according to Arab custom. When Muhammad was 12 years old he decided to go to Syria with his uncle. Abu Talib could no longer forbid due to intense pity. After reaching Basra on the journey, Abu Talib camped with the caravan. Basra, then the capital of the Roman Empire in the Arabian Peninsula, was in many ways the best. It is said that there was a Christian priest in this city named Jarjis Cem, better known as Buhaira or Bahira. He would come out of his church and entertain caravan travelers. At that time he saw the boy Muhammad and identified him as the last prophet. Nabiji was 15 years old at the time of the battle of Fujjar. He himself participated in this war. He was deeply saddened by the brutality of the war. But there was nothing he could do. Since then he started thinking of doing something.

Marriage:

Hearing of Muhammad's business reputation, Khadija bint Khuwaylid asked Muhammad to do business with her. Later she decided to marry Muhammad (PBUH).

Muhammad (pbuh) was 25 years old and Khadija was 40 years old at the time of marriage.

Khadija gave birth to 6 children including 4 girls and 2 boys. The names of the Prophet's children are respectively: Qasem, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulsum, Abdullah and Fatimah. All except Fatima died during the lifetime of the Prophet.

Predestination Life:

An organization called Hilful Fuzul was established to suppress violence, treachery and revenge among the Arabs. Muhammad joined it and played a major role in promoting this association. According to various sources, Muhammad had no profession in his youth. However, many have mentioned that he used to graze goats. Usually the goats he used to graze belonged to the tribe of Bani Sa'd. He grazed the goats of various people living in Makkah for a fee of a few kirats. Then started business. Within a short period of time, Muhammad Ekaj achieved great success. He gained so much fame that he was known as Al Amin and Al Sadiq which Bengali means faithful and truthful respectively. He visited Syria, Basra, Bahrain and Yemen several times on business. When Muhammad's fame spread far and wide, Khadija bint Khuwaylid was informed and requested to go on a business trip. Muhammad accepted this offer and went to Basra in Syria with Khadija's goods.

Khadija was overwhelmed by Maishara's praise of Muhammad's honesty and justice. Apart from this, the success of the business is also informed about its merits. At one point she decided to marry Muhammad. He told his girlfriend Nafisa bint Munabi about his thoughts about marriage. After hearing Nafisa's story, Muhammad says that he will talk to her parents and inform them. Muhammad agreed to the marriage after talking to his uncles. Khadija was 40 and Muhammad was 25 at the time of marriage.

When Muhammad was 35 years old, the Kaaba needed rebuilding. Renovation of the Kaaba began for various reasons. The old building was demolished and new construction started. So during the rebuilding, setbacks occurred only when construction was completed up to the Hazret Aswad (Holy Black Stone). Originally there was a dispute over which tribe would do this. Construction work was shared among all groups. But establishing Hazare Aswad was one man's work. A dispute arose over who should install it, and after four or five days the dispute became so serious that it threatened to kill. In this situation, Abu Umayyah Makhzoomi decided a solution that the next day the first person to enter the Masjid Haram would be decided. The next day Muhammad entered the Kaaba first. Everyone was very happy and accepted him as a judge. And everyone had deep trust in him. However, given this responsibility, Muhammad made very smooth decisions. He spread a sheet and placed Hazre Aswad on it with his own hands and called the leaders of each of the contending clans to move the corners of the sheet to their respective places and they did so. Then he picked up the stone and placed it in a certain place.

Profit of Prophethood:

At the age of forty, the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, received prophethood, meaning that it was at this time that God sent him revelation. The most reliable information about Prophethood is found in Az-Zuhri's narration. According to the hadith narrated by Zuhri, the Prophet received revelation through true vision. After reaching the age of thirty, the Prophet often spent time meditating in the cave of Hera near Mecca. His wife Khadija used to bring him food regularly. During one such meditation, the angel Gabriel brought him a revelation from God. Gabriel asked him to recite this verse:

"Read, in the name of your Lord who created. He created man from clotted blood. Read, your Lord Most Merciful, who taught with the pen, taught man what he did not know."

The Prophet replied that he did not know how to read, whereupon Gabriel embraced him and applied great pressure and asked him to recite the same verse again. But this time too Muhammad revealed his masculinity. After pressing it three times, Muhammad was able to recite the verse. The first group of verses of the Qur'an were revealed; The first five verses of Surah Al-Alak. After the first descent, the Prophet was so frightened that he entered his planet trembling and asked Khadijah to cover her with a blanket. Keep saying "cover me" over and over. Naufel calls him the last prophet. Nabiji gradually assimilated. Then again wait for next release. A second revelation came to him after a long interval. Now some verses of Surah Muddassir were revealed. From then on, Muhammad devoted himself to spreading Islam in secret. This Islam was an ideal system sent to change life completely. So its establishment path was very friendly. It was in this adversity that the Prophet's life in Mecca began.

Life in Mecca (Propagation of Islam):

Secret Propaganda: After the revelation, the Prophet realized that to establish it, he would have to stand against the entire Arab society; Because the then leadership had no other way to promote and establish Islam except to destroy it. So at first he started spreading the message of Islam secretly among his relatives and friends. Khadijah was the first person to accept Islam at the call of Muhammad. Muhammad's cousin and housewife Ali, who was only 10 years old when he embraced Islam, became a Muslim. In order to convey the message of Islam, the Prophet held meetings with prominent men of his clan; No one accepted his ideology in this meeting, only one accepted Islam in this meeting, that is Ali. The third person to convert to Islam was Abu Bakr, a close friend of the Prophet. This is how he started the work of spreading Islam in the first stage. And this campaign is going on in complete secrecy.

Open invitation: After three years of secret invitation, Muhammad began to preach Islam openly. The beginning of such a campaign was quite dramatic. The Prophet stood on the Safa mountain and gathered everyone together. Then he openly said that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. But this made everyone angry against him and from that time conspiracies and persecutions against Islam began.

Confronting opposition in Makkah: Dissidents resort to torture at various levels: first by creating an atmosphere of incitement and tension, then by propaganda, sophistry and argument. A negative front was formed to make the Islamic movement helpless at one time. At the same time, the Literary and Obscene Music Front was formed and the Quraish at one point tried to compromise with Muhammad. But Muhammad did not accept it; Because the condition of compromise was to practice Islam according to his own way, then his goal of establishing Islam would have been defeated.

Emigration to Ethiopia:

As violence against Muslims gradually increased, the Prophet sent many Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia. From there too the Quraysh tried to bring back the Muslims, but failed because of the then emperor of Abyssinia, Najjashi.

Acceptance of Islam by Important Persons:

Then the most important event in the history of Islam was the conversion of Umar Ibnul Khattab to Islam. The Prophet always wanted at least one of Abu Jahl and Umar to accept Islam. This fulfilled his wish. Because of Omar's special influence in Arab society, his conversion to Islam made the spread of Islam somewhat easier, although the difficult part was still considered major. Then the Prophet's uncle Hamza accepted Islam. As a result of his conversion to Islam, Muslim supremacy was established in Arabia to some extent.

Single Room Status:

Thus, when Islam was making slow progress, the Quraysh of Mecca captured and detained Muhammad, may God's peace and blessings be upon him, and his followers, which included the entire tribe of Banu Hashem. They were released after three years of detention.

The Year of Sorrow and the Journey of Taif:

But the year after liberation was a year of sorrow for Muhammad. Because in this year his wife Khadija and uncle Abu Talib passed away within a short period of time. The Holy Prophet was very disappointed about the spread of Islam in Makkah during the Sadness. Frustrated, he left Makkah and went to Taif to spread Islam (the date of his visit to Taif is, however, disputed). But while preaching Islam there, he was subjected to extreme insults, anger and ridicule. Even the people of Taif left their youth behind Muhammad (pbuh); They made the Prophet bleed with bricks and stones. But still he did not give up; He kept thinking of new possibilities.

Mi'raj or Ascension:

It is at such times that some auspicious things happen. According to Islamic commentaries, around this time, Muhammad moved from the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca to the Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem; This journey is known in history as Isra. It is said that he ascended from Masjid al-Aqsa in a special vehicle and gained access to the Almighty, besides observing all the places of the universe including heaven and hell. This journey is known in history as Miraj. It is said that no time was spent on earth during this entire journey.

Hijra and Madani life in Medina:

Then something more auspicious happened. Many people of Madinah became enthusiastic about Islam and accepted Islam. They originally came to perform Hajj and received the invitation to Islam. They swore to Muhammad at the place called Aqab that they would always protect the Prophet and work to spread Islam. These oaths are known as the Oath of Aqaba. It was through this oath that an environment conducive to the establishment of Islam was created in Madinah and once the leaders of the 12 tribes of Madinah sent a delegation to invite Muhammad (pbuh) to come to Madinah. In Medina and Yathrib, from long before until about 620 AD, there was war between the tribes and the Jews. Especially in the Battle of Buach, there was a lot of bloodshed as all clans took part in the battle. From this, the people of Madinah realized that the principle of taking blood for blood could no longer be applied. That's why they need a leader who can unite everyone. With this in mind they invited Muhammad, although many of the invitees had not yet accepted Islam. On this invitation the Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina. Finally, Muhammad and Abu Bakr migrated to Medina in 622 AD. On the day of their Hijrah, the Quraysh planned to kill Muhammad (PBUH) but did not succeed. This is how the Makki era ended.

Madani Life: Leaving one's tribe to join another tribe was considered impossible in Arabia. But not so in the eyes of Islam, because in this case the bond of Islam was considered the best bond for Muslims. It gave birth to a revolutionary thought in that era. In the Islamic calendar, counting of days starts from the Hijri year. That is why Hijri is mentioned at the end of the Islamic calendar year which means: after Hijra.

Establishment of an independent state and constitution: Muhammad went to Medina as a mediator and ruler. At that time the two main rival groups were the Aws and the Khazraj. He has performed his duties properly. All the clans of Madinah signed the historic Charter of Madinah which is known as the first constitution in world history. By this charter all bloodshed was declared haram among Muslims. It even initiates state policy and creates a sense of accountability among all tribes. Both Aws and Khazraj tribes embraced Islam. Also mainly three Jewish tribes (Banu Qainuka, Banu Quraiza and Banu Nadir). Including these, a total of eight tribes have signed this charter. Through this charter Medina was established as an independent state and Muhammad (pbuh) became its head.

Disputes and wars with Mecca:

Soon after the establishment of the state in Medina, its relations with Mecca began to deteriorate day by day. The Quraysh of Makkah became warring to destroy the kingdom of Madinah. Muhammad (pbuh) came to Madinah and was a pioneer in making peace with all the surrounding tribes. But the Quraysh of Makkah seized the property of all Muslims who left their homes. Under these circumstances, in 624, Muhammad (pbuh) sent an army of 300 soldiers to besiege a trade caravan in Mecca. Because the caravan was trying to collect weapons in the name of trade. Quraysh succeeded in protecting their caravan. But calls for war to avenge this attempt. In this self-defensive battle, the Muslims were victorious despite being outnumbered by one-third of the Quraish. This battle, known as the Battle of Badr, took place on March 15, 624 AD. According to Muslims, Allah helped Muslims in this war. However, it is from this period that the armed history of Islam begins. Then on March 23, 625, the Battle of Uhud took place. At first the Muslims were defeated, but in the end they were able to enter Madinah in victory. The Quraysh entered Makkah in defeat despite a last-minute policy lapse. In 627 Abu Sufyan attacked Medina with another group of Quraysh. But this time also the Muslims were defeated in the battle of Khandak. Buoyed by victory in the war, the Muslims became a dominant force in Arabia. As a result Muslims were able to influence many of the surrounding tribes.

Relations with the Jews of Medina:

But at this time the Jews living in Medina emerged as a threat to the Islamic state. Originally the Jews did not believe that a non-Jew could be the last prophet. Because of this they never accepted the ideals of Islam and when they realized the power of the Islamic state they realized the need to use force against it. Muhammad (pbuh) attacked a Jewish tribe after every battle. After the battles of Badr and Uhud, Banu Qainuka and Banu Nadi tribes were expelled from Medina; And after the trench, all the Jews were expelled from Medina. Muhammad (peace be upon him) cited two reasons for this hatred of the Jews, one religious and the other political. If you think from a religious point of view, this was the punishment for not accepting the last Prophet despite being Ahl al-Kitab. And politically speaking, the Jews were a threat and a weak point for Medina. For this reason they have been expelled.

Conquest of Mecca:

The ten-year Treaty of Hudaybiyah was broken after only two years. The Khujah tribe was an ally of the Muslims, while their enemy, the Bakr tribe, was an ally of the Quraish. One night the Bakr clan ambushed the Khuzads. In this attack the Quraish unjustly supported the Bakr tribe with arms. According to some accounts some youths of Quraysh also took part in this attack. After this incident Muhammad (pbuh) sent a letter to the Quraysh with three conditions and asked the Quraysh to accept any one of these three conditions. Condition three;

Quraish will pay the blood money of the slain of the tribe of Khuja'a.

Or they will declare their alliance with the Bakr tribe null and void.

Or declare that the Treaty of Hudaybiyah is abrogated and the Quraish are ready for war.

The Quraish said that they would only accept the third condition. But the Quraysh soon realized their mistake and sent Abu Sufyan to Medina as an envoy to renew the treaty. But Muhammad (pbuh) rejected the Quraysh's offer and started preparing to invade Makkah.

In 630 AD, Muhammad (pbuh) set out for Mecca with a large army of ten thousand companions. That day was the 10th of the month of Ramadan of the eighth Hijri. Apart from a few scattered skirmishes, Mecca was conquered fairly unopposed and Muhammad (pbuh) entered there triumphantly. He announced amnesty for the people of Makkah. But ten men and women were out of this pardon. They insulted Islam and Muhammad (pbuh) in various ways. Although later some of them were pardoned. After entering Mecca, Muhammad (pbuh) first visited the Kaaba and destroyed all the idols there. Impressed by the prosperity of the Muslims and the forgiveness of Muhammad (PBUH), most Meccans accepted Islam. This victory is specifically mentioned in the Quran.

Last speech:

Tenth Hijri. The month of Zilhaj. 23 years ago the light of truth shone in Heraghuha. Today it is complete. He was sent to this world with a difficult responsibility. 23 years of hard work, struggle, immense sacrifices and sacrifices. Ending today. The purpose for which he was sent as a messenger to mankind is on its way to fulfillment today. He formed a state for 23 long years. Formed a society of justice without exploitation and oppression. Based on Tawheed Muslim Ummah, a new nation of new civilization has been built.

So the Prophet (PBUH) went to Makkah for Hajj with his Companions. Today Allahumma Labbayek is being resounded by millions of voices. About two and a half thousand years ago, Abraham and Ismail stood at the site of the construction of the wall of the Kaaba and prayed to Allah Almighty to form the Muslim Ummah. Muslims gather today at Maqam Ibrahim. 9 Zilhaj Rasulullah (PBUH) stood in front of everyone. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) first praised Allah. He then delivered his historic speech, he said, to the assembled crowd

1. Today all superstitions, blind faith and all forms of lawlessness are crushed under my feet.

2. Treat your slaves well. Don't misbehave with them. Don't torture them. What you eat, you let them eat. You will let them wear the clothes you wear. Remember they are human and so are you. They are created by the same God.

3. Be careful! Will treat women well. Never wrong them. Because they are stupid. Because their responsibility is on you. As you have rights over women. Women also have rights over you. Treat them with kindness and love.

4. Do not associate anyone with Allah. Because whoever associates anything with Allah has blasphemed.

5. Do not usury, bribery, bloodshed, unfairness, injustice, tyranny, tyranny. Because one Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. And Muslims are brotherhood.

6. You don't lie. Because lies are the root cause of all sins. Because lies are dangerous.

7. Do not steal or commit adultery. Abstain from all forms of impurity. Live a holy life. Be careful! Stay away from Satan. You may think one of these works is very small, but the devil will destroy you with them.

8. You shall not disobey the orders of your Amir. Although the black nose is a slave. You will obey him. As long as he stays on the religion of Allah.

9. Do not exaggerate religion. Because your fathers and grandfathers perished because of it.

10. Don't glorify lineage. Allah's curse is on the person who disrespects his clan and identifies with another clan.

11. You shall worship your Lord. Will pray five times. If you fast, you can enter Paradise only if you obey his commandments.

12. Hold fast what I leave for you after me. Act upon it. Then it will not fall. And that is the Qur'an of Allah and the Sunnah of the Prophet.

13. Know well that I am the last prophet and no other prophet will come after me. Today I have perfected your religion for you. All these words of mine shall be conveyed to the absent by those who have heard them.

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) finished his speech. And his face shone. He looked at the sky with a compassionate voice and said, O great Lord! Oh God! Have I been able to fully convey the invitation of your religion to people? Then all those present said together, Surely you have reached the perfection of your religion. Then he said again, O Lord! Listen, be witness, they say I have brought your religion to the people. I have done my duty.

Seeing his expression, the Prophet became silent. His face shone with heavenly light. At this time, the last verse of the Qur'an was revealed. I have fulfilled your religion this day. I have fulfilled My favor upon you. I have chosen Islam as your religion.

Hazrat Rasoolullah (PBUH) remained silent for a while. The crowd is silent. After a while Hazrat Karun looked at the crowd and said in a serious voice, Goodbye friend, Goodbye.

Death: 

After returning from Farewell Hajj, Muhammad (PBUH) contracted fever in the month of Safar in 11 Hijri. As the temperature of the fever was high, the turban was also feeling hot. Even when he was sick, he led prayers for eleven days. After the illness worsened, he stayed in Ayesha's house with the permission of all the wives. He had seven or eight dinars, which he gave a day before his death. The illness was said to have been caused by eating poisoned food prepared by a Jewish woman in Khyber. Finally, he passed away on the evening of the 1st of the month of Rabiul Awal, 11 Hijri. He was 63 years old then. Ali (RA) bathed him and put on a shroud. At the end of Janaza, he was buried in Ayesha's room where she died.